Overactive bladder syndrome (OBS) is highly prevalent, and even more so with age. It is characterized by the presence of urinary urgency, and may be associated with incontinence, increased voiding frequency, and nocturia. People suffering with OBS often have a combination of factors that contribute to their chronic bladder wall inflammation. In order to effectively resolve this condition, it is necessary to understand all of the contributing factors and chose the appropriate treatment modality.